Machine for manufacturing type



'(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' J. G. BLEVNEY.

MACHINE FORMANUFAGTURING TYPE.

No. 290,628. Patented. Dec. 18, 1883..

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(No Model.)

2 SheetsSheet '2.

J. 0. BLEVNEY.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TYPE.

No. 290,628. Patented Dec. 18, 1883.

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JOHN c. BLEVNEY, on NEWARK, NEw JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TYPE.

fiPECIFICATION forming part ,of Letters Patent No. 290,628, dated December 18, 1883.

Application filed March 15, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it knownthat I, JOHN G. BLEVNEY, of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Manufacturing Type, of which the following is a specification.

I produce types of iron with accuratelyshaped hardened steel faces. This is attained by pressing soft iron in a cold state to induce the required form of the type-face, removing the fin or surplus metal, and heating in the presence of sal-ammoniac and animal charcoal or analogous material to induce carbonization, and then suddenly cooling in water.

I have devised a machine which, by the aid of a hardened steel die having a suitablyformed impression sunk therein, subjects the iron not only to a direct compression, but also to two additional motions-a rocking of the die and iron relatively to each other, and also a toggle action, and also a rubbing or jiggering movement,which causes the die to act laterally against the iron which is being pressed up into the recess of the die to form the typeface. If either or all these latter movements are excessive, the iron is liable to be partially disintegrated and greatly weakened, and in some cases broken. I provide for graduating the amount of the motion according to the character of the iron, the size of the type, &c.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a front view. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the upper oscillating member of the mechanism. The remaining figures represent details detached. Fig. 4 shows the principal working parts in side elevation. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same, with dotted lines showing in outline the provisions for shifting the throw of the eccentric. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the vise mechanism for holding the blank. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 represent the metal being treated in three different conditions. Fig. 7 shows the blank before it is introduced into the machine. Fig. 8 shows the same as it comes out of the machine. Fig. 9 shows the same after the fin has been removed and the type is ready to be case-hardened. Fig. 10 is a section on an enlarged scale, taken through the lines 00 a: of Fig. 4.

Similar letters ofreference indicate like parts in all the figures.

I can make other articles than types-es, for example, punches for various purposes.

I believe that steel or semi-steel well annealed may be pressed cold into types in my machine; but I prefer to so treat the soft homogeneous iron known as Norway iron, and to subsequently change the surface into steel.

A is a rigid frame-work, certain parts being designated by additional marks, as A, A 810., when necessary.

A A are strong brackets, carrying stout center pivot-screws a a, equipped with jamnuts,and forming the centers, respectively, of stout oscillating members B and G. The lower member, 13, turns on thelower centers at, and is provided with means by which it serves as aviseto hold the iron mwhich is to be treated. The upper member, 0, turns on the upper centers a, and serves as a rocking guideway, in which is adjusted bya screw, D, a slide, D, in which is carried the hollow die (I, having an indentation adapted to give the required form to the type-face when operated as hereinafter described.

From oneside of the member 13 projects a pin, 1). From the same side of the member 0 projects a corresponding pin, 0. The brackets A support a shaft, E, carrying an eccentric, E, of small throw, and rotated by a belt running on a pulley, E. encircled by an eccentric ring, G, connected by pivots G to a fork on the eccentric-rod G. This eccentric-rod G is widened adjacent to the rocking members B O, and provided with holes g, adapted to engage with the pins 1) c. The eccentric-rod extends beyond the rocking members B G, terminating in a convenient handle, as shown. The eccentric-rod is forked, and the pivotal connection G", by which it is joined to the ring G, allows it to be moved laterally. A spring, D", engaging under aproj eetion on the back face of the stout slide D, urges up the latter against the screw D.

To commence operations, the required die d,

The eccentric E is 9 reams slightly oiled on its face, is fixed in the slide D, and is elevated by slacking the screw D, and a suitable blank of soft iron is strongly held in the part B, and the eccentric-rod G is engaged with the pins 1) c by receiving said pins in the holes 9, (see Fig. 4,) and by the active rotation of the eccentricE induces the considerable rocking motion of the members B G and of the parts carried thereon. The member B turns onthe axis a a, and the member C turns on the corresponding upper axis, similarly marked a a. The distance of the pins 1) c from each other induces, with the up-and-down motion of 7 the other end of the eccentric-rod, a

slight but importantinequality or jiggering in their motion. Now, a suitablewrench being applied to the head of the screw D, it is turned until the die (I is brought into forcible contact with the iron m. I believe it is practicable to turn the screw D by mechanism; but I have in my experiments preferred to turn it by hand, in order that the sense of feelingmay be available in timing its motion. As the die (Z is forced down upon the soft iron, it compresses it and causes it to gradually assume the form of the face of the die (I, which is pressed against it. The conditions under which the metal is thus treated are peculiar,in the fact that it is subject, first, to a direct compression by the force of the screw D; next, to a rocking of the die (Z, and also of the metal m, and being first one side and then the other side of the line joining the centers 0 a,- and, third, to a slight but important forward and backward movement of the one part relatively to the other, due to the fact that the parts B and C are not rocked in exact synchronism.

The jiggering movement is due to the following facts: The pin 0 will have its farthest movement to the right when the center of the eccentric E is nearest to c. The pin b will have its farthest movement to the right a little later, when the center of the eccentric E is nearest to the pin 1). Thus, although both pins are moved to an equal extent, the fact that they are not turned exactly alike induces a slight movement of the one upon the other, which I term a jiggering movement. Under these several motions the iron is caused to assume a form nearly a counterpart of the die (I very rapidly and perfectly. The form of the typeface differs frointhat of the punch (not shown) which produced the impression in the die (1. The face of the type produced is more slender. It will be seen that what I have termed the jiggering move1nent-to wit, the rubbing movement of the die (1 and iron m relatively to each other while being compressed causes the die to not only press downward and rock on the iron, but also to press alternately against the two sides of the face. It thus, in a manner, hammers the metal on the sides of the type-face simultaneously with the strong pressure on the adj aeent-surfaces, which forces up the iron. Then the die d has been depressed sufficiently, a reverse motion is given to the screw D, and the slide D, with its contained die (I, rises. Then the eccentric-rod G is disengaged from the pins 1) c, on which the automatic rocking motion ceases, and the part B may be tilted over and the iron at removed and another blank substituted in its place, and the operation repeated. The treatment throws out a fin of soft iron, which now requires to be removed by filing or otherwise, thus reducing the type to its finished shape. The face of the type may be lightly polished to remove the slight irregularities remaining, if desired. Next sal-ammoniac or animal charcoal is applied to the type-face, and the type is raised to a proper red heat, preserving it as much as possible from contact with the air, and the hot iron, now changed to steel on the surface by the action of the sal-ammoniac, is plunged in cold oil or water and hardened. This is a treatment known among mechanics as casehardening.

The provisions for holding the die (I are shown in Fig. 3. A true cylindrical hole is bored in the lower part of the slide D, and into it is keyed or otherwise secured a rest, D having an angular recess of the proper form to receive the die (2. A screw tapped through the slide bears, by means of a suitable shoe, D", against the opposite angle of the die (1 and holds it firmly. A circular bearing is provided at the inner end of the hole to bear fairly on the center of the die. The blanks m may be prepared by machinery. I provide on the upper face of the lower oscillating part, B, a

vise, which supports the blanks strongly and uniformly, and which I will briefly describe.

B is a steel piece with a gain or corner aecurately cut out, asindieated at Z). This gain or angular recess receives the shank of the yp B is in effect a lever turning on a center, If, and operated by a screw, B", to clamp firmly against the shank of the type.

B is aslide, guided as shown, having a narrowed front adapted to be received in the gain in the part B. The slide B" is operated by an eccentric, B, turned by a handle, B. All these parts are mounted on the upper face of the lower oscillating part, B, and constitute a portion thereof. When a type is completed, and the eccentric-rod G g is disconnected from the pins 1) 0, thereby setting the parts B and O at liberty to be turned in any required position, the part 0 and its contained die require no attention except to turn them in such position as will be the least in the way. The part B is next turned forward, so that its upper surface (shown in Fig. 6) is presented conveniently to the operator. In this position the parts constituting the vise in the upper face of B are worked in the obvious manner to open the vise and liberate the type, which is then taken out by the fingers or 0th er wise, and a new blank inserted and the vise again strongly closed. Care must be taken that the pressure of the parts of the vise is not sufficient to change the form or dimensions of the blank; but it is essential that the parts be strong and the pressure considerable to support the iron firmly against the severe treatment which it is immediately to receive from the die when the parts are brought together and rocked and jiggered.

I will now describe the adjustments of the rocking motion, and of the toggle motion, and of the jiggering motion.

Obviously a change in the throw of the eccentric IE will vary the amount of the rocking motion of the die and of the iron relatively to each other, and equally vary the amount of the toggle motion and of the jiggering motion. These are the principal changes which are necessary to be made. I can provide for accomplishing these by simply moving or shifting the eccentric E endwise on the shaft E, a portion of which shaft considerably longer than the width of the seat of the eccentric is finished obliquely to the axial line of the shaft, and is feathered to insure the proper turning of the eccentric, however it may be shifted endwise thereon. A forked lever, H, turning on a center, h, and controlled by the hand of the attendant, embraces the forked end of the eccentric-rod, and thereby determines the position of the eccentric longitudinally of the shaft.

In commencing to operate on a fresh die the lever H is turned to move the eccentric-rod and the connected eccentric laterally on the shaft E in the direction to give the maximum amount of throw to the eccentric. As the screw D is screwed down and ,the type assumes its nearly completed form, the lever H, which is held by the other hand of the attendant, is turned to move the parts into the position where the eccentric will have the least amount of throw. The action in this respect may be varied by the attendant at will.

I provide also for varying the amount of the j'iggerin g motion without necessarily varying the amount of the rocking motion. This may be important with some styles'or sizes of types or some qualities of iron or steel. To effect this I shift the brackets A forward or backward on the bed-piece A and correspondingly lengthen or shorten the eccentric-rod G. The shifting of the position of the brackets is effected by removing the bolts A and inserting them in new holes in the bed-piece A. The eccentric-rod G is compounded of two parts having their adjacent faces cross-lined, toothed, or ridged, and bound firmly together by the clamps G and pinching-screws G The lengthening and shortening of the eccentricrod G are effected by slacking the clamp-screws G engaging the toothed edges of the two parts in a new position, and tightening the clamps again. The rocking motion of the parts B and 0 brings the pins 1) and c alternately nearer together and farther apart. This may be allowed for by a very slight elongation of the holes in G, which receive these pins, as shown in Fig. 4. The lateral movement of the rod G, by changing its relation to the pins 1) and c, as shown in Fig. 4, is liableto cause a derangement of the action on the said pins if the fit is made very tight. As it is not practicable to allow a very loose fit, I propose to provide the rod G with spheroidal bushings g, as shown in Figs. 4 and 10, to receive the pins 1) and 0, so that while the bushings take a tight hold on the pins the obliquity of the portion of G may be accommodated by a slight shifting of the bushing in its spheroidal seat in G. This is not shown, but will be readily understood.

Modifications may be made in the forms and proportions of the details. Parts of the invention may be used without the whole.

I have in my experiments succeeded well with a uniform throw of the eccentric and with a uniform position of the brackets A. The throw of the eccentric was one-sixteenth e} of an inch; the length of the eccentricrod was eighteen (18) inches; the distance apart of the pins 1) cwas one and one-half(1:l-) inch; the distance apart of the centers a a was six (6) inches; but I esteem the capacity for in stantly and conveniently varying the throw of the eccentric as important in allowing me to reduce the amount both of the rocking and of the jiggering action toward the close of the treatment of each blank.

I attach importance to the capacity for varying the amount of the jiggering action without varying the throw of the eccentric by simply lengthening the eccentric-rod and changing the position of the rocking parts to match. The change thereby induced in the relations'of the parts will be obvious 011 in spection. The throw of the eccentric remaining the same, the rocking action of the parts B and G is the same as before; but inasmuch as the amount of the jiggering action is governed not only by the throw of the eccentric, but also by the distance of the eccentric from the two pins b c, on which the up-and-down motion of the eccentric acts leverwise to illduce the jiggering motion, it will be seen that increasing thelength of the eccentric-rod without increasing the throw of the eccentric or the distance between the pinsb cwill have the effect to reduce the jiggering motion.

I attach importance to the fact that the mechanism acts togglewisein inducing the pressure, by reason of the fact that the peculiar motion not only causes the die (Z to rock relatively to the iron m, but also, by moving alternately to one side, and the other of aline or plane joining the centers a a, acts togglewise to exert the great strain due to the toggle action. The screw D, turned by hand, can turn forward with relative ease when the compression is a little relaxed by the motion of the bearing-surfaces considerably out of the line joining the centers a a, and the strain pressing the surfaces together will be greatly increased when, by the return rocking motion, the surfaces are, by the togglewise action, brought again into and carried past the straight line between the centers; but I believe a portion of the benefits of the invention can be realized by a rocking motion, even it the construction be so varied as not to involve the toggle motion.

Other means than the hand-lever II, forked as shown, may be used to shift the eccentric E endwisc on the shaft E, and thus to "ary its throw. v

I claim as my invention 1. In a machine for producing types or analogous devices by pressure, the member 13, carrying the blank or, an d the member 0, carrying the hollow die (1, with means, D D, for depressing the latter, in combination with means, as the eccentric E and the connecting-rod G, for inducing an oscillating motion of one member relatively to the others, as herein specified.

2. In amachine for producing types or analogous devices by pressure, the oscillating members B C, turning 011 pivots or axes to 0,, ar-

ranged considerable distance apart, and provided with means for strongly holding the blank m and the hollow die (I, and means. D D, for depressing the latter, and means, as the eccentric E and suitable connections, for oscillating the same, arranged to cause the die (I and blank m to move alternately to one side and the other of a right line j oining the centers a a, so as to realize both a rocking and atoggle motion in the treatment of the metal, subs ltantially as and for the purposes herein speci- In a machine for producing types or analogous devices by pressure, the means, as D D,

for forcing together the die and blank carriedon rocking members 13 G, in combination with means, as the eccentric E, eccentric-rod G, and the pins 1) c, for simultaneously imparting to the die d and blank m both a rocking motion and a lateral or jiggering motion, substantially as herein specified.

4:. In a machine for producing types or analogous devices by pressure, the eccentricrod G and the adjustable eccentric E, with means, as H, for varying the throw, in combination with each other and with the rocking members 13 C and their attachments, adapted to serve as herein specified.

5. In a machine for producing types or analogrous devices by pressure, an eccentric, an eX- tensible eccentric-rod, oscillating members carrying a suitable die and blank, and provisions for engaging the extensible eccentric-rod with the rocking members at points alittle distance each from the other, so as to vary the relative amounts of the rocking and jiggering motions, as herein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, at New York city, New York, this 6th day of February, 1882 in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J OHN O. BLEVNEY.

Vitnesses:

CHARLES C. STETSON, Trroims D. Srnrsox. 

